Individuals living with multiple sclerosis are all too familiar with the relentless symptoms of fatigue, spasticity, muscle weakness, as well as balance and gait impairments. Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease impacting the central nervous system in which the communication of nerves is disrupted. This may lead to some or all of the above symptoms. Here at The Recovery Project, we are fascinated and motivated by the science of neuroplasticity, which is the central nervous system’s ability to reorganize itself and create new neural connections and motor pathways within the body. We are continuously amazed by the resilience and strength of our clients living with MS.
Research strongly supports the use of functional electrical stimulation (FES) as a means to enhance neuroplasticity and improve function in individuals living with multiple sclerosis and other neurological conditions. FES is delivered via electrodes that are positioned on the skin over specific muscles and nerves in order to produce a contraction or desired movement via an electrical impulse. There are a number of benefits to utilizing FES: increased muscle strength and decreased spasticity and muscle atrophy; improved circulation and decreased risk of blood clots; improved range of motion and bone density; improved cardiovascular health, as well as improved functional abilities.
Over the last five years, there has been an increase in research on the use of transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation (TSS) in individuals living with MS, as well as other neurological diagnoses. TSS has been found to improve motor control and augment neuroplasticity. The same electrodes are used in transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation, but positioned directly over the skin of the spine to send impulses to the spinal cord. For optimal results, TSS, like FES, should be used concurrently with high intensity, functional activities. Therapists are mindful of fatigue levels and overall tolerance to TSS when initiating this intervention with anyone living with MS – “start low and go slow”.
Research has found that a 30-minute TSS session has the ability to decrease lower extremity spasticity and improve gait speed and endurance in MS clients. TSS may also have the ability to improve overall standing stability. Some benefits of TSS have shown to last at least two hours and up to 24 hours.
The growing evidence of the use and benefits of TSS in the treatment of MS is just the beginning. When appropriate, the use of FES and TSS combined with aggressive rehabilitation have shown promising effects on one’s recovery and quality of life.